Atopic dermatitis (also known as eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and irritated skin. It occurs when the skin barrier is weakened, making the skin more sensitive to allergens, irritants, and environmental triggers. It is common in infants and children but can affect people of any age.
The condition is linked to genetic and immune system factors and often occurs in people with a personal or family history of allergies, asthma, or hay fever. Common triggers include dry weather, heat, sweating, soaps, detergents, dust, and certain fabrics.
Symptoms include red or inflamed patches of skin, intense itching, dryness, and in some cases, thickened or cracked skin due to repeated scratching. The condition tends to occur in flare-ups, with periods of worsening and improvement.
Although there is no permanent cure, atopic dermatitis can be effectively managed with regular moisturization, avoiding triggers, maintaining proper skin care, and using prescribed topical or oral medications when needed.