Melasma is a common skin condition that causes brown or grayish-brown patches, usually on the face. It most often appears on the cheeks, forehead, nose, upper lip, and chin. It is more common in women, especially after pregnancy, which is why it is sometimes called the “mask of pregnancy.”
Melasma occurs due to increased production of melanin (skin pigment), triggered by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes (pregnancy, birth control pills), genetics, and certain medications. Heat and visible light can also worsen the condition.
Although melasma is harmless and not contagious, it can affect appearance and self-confidence. The condition may fade on its own in some cases, especially after pregnancy, but it often persists or recurs.
Treatment includes strict sun protection, use of sunscreen, topical creams (such as hydroquinone, retinoids, or azelaic acid), chemical peels, and laser therapy in some cases. Regular skin care and avoiding sun exposure are important to prevent worsening or recurrence.